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Romania, in southeast Europe, is dominated by the Carpathian mountains in the north and centre of the country while the main feature in the south is the vast Danube valley which becomes a delta as it approaches the Black Sea.
The most important sectors of Romania’s economy in 2014 were industry (27.3 %), wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food services (17.9 %) and public administration, defence, education, human health and social work activities (10.3 %).
Romania’s main export partners are Germany, Italy and France while its main import partners are Germany, Italy and Hungary.
Capital: Bucharest
Geographical size: 238 391 km2
Population: 19 870 647 (2015)
Population as % of total EU population: 3.9 % (2015)
Gross domestic product (GDP): € 160.353 billion (2015)
Official EU language(s): Romanian
Political system: semi-presidential republic
EU member country since: 1 January 2007
Seats in the European Parliament: 32
Currency: Romanian Leu RON
Schengen area member? No, Romania is not a member of the Schengen Area.
Presidency of the Council: Romania will hold the revolving presidency of the Council of the EU for the first time in 2019.
There are 32 members of the European Parliament from Romania. Find out who these MEPs are.
European Parliament office in Romania
In the Council of the EU, national ministers meet regularly to adopt EU laws and coordinate policies. Council meetings are regularly attended by representatives from the Romanian government, depending on the policy area being addressed.
The Council of the EU doesn't have a permanent, single-person president (like e.g. the Commission or Parliament). Instead, its work is led by the country holding the Council presidency, which rotates every 6 months.
During these 6 months, ministers from that country's government chair and help determine the agenda of Council meetings in each policy area, and facilitate dialogue with the other EU institutions.
Dates of Romanian presidencies:
Jul-Dec 2019
More on the current presidency of the Council of the EU.
The Commissioner nominated by Romania to the European Commission is Corina Creţu, who is responsible for Regional Policy.
The Commission is represented in each EU country by a local office, called a "representation".
Commission representation in Romania
Romania has 17 representatives on the European Economic and Social Committee. This advisory body – representing employers, workers and other interest groups – is consulted on proposed laws, to get a better idea of the possible changes to work and social situations in member countries.
Romania has 15 representatives on the Committee of the Regions, the EU's assembly of regional and local representatives. This advisory body is consulted on proposed laws, to ensure these laws take account of the perspective from each region of the EU.
Romania also communicates with the EU institutions through its permanent representation in Brussels. As Romania's "embassy to the EU", its main task is to ensure that the country's interests and policies are pursued as effectively as possible in the EU.
Member countries' financial contributions to the EU budget are shared fairly, according to means. The larger your country's economy, the more it pays – and vice versa. The EU budget doesn't aim to redistribute wealth, but rather to focus on the needs of all Europeans as a whole.
Breakdown of Romania’s finances with the EU in 2014:
More figures on the EU budget, revenue and spending:
The money paid into the EU budget by Romania helps fund programmes and projects in all EU countries - like building roads, subsidising researchers and protecting the environment.
Find out more about how Romania benefits from EU funding.
