COMPOSITION OF THE ATHLETES DIET

  • Beáta Pramuková Institute of the Experimental Medicin, Faculty of Medicine UPJŠ, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Tel.: +421944 131 553
  • Denisa Čokášová Institute of the Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine UPJŠ, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Tel.: +421904 964 416
  • Rastislav Salaj Institute of the Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine UPJŠ, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Košice, Tel.: +421902 308 113
Keywords: sports nutrition, energy intake, carbohydrate, protein, fat, dietary supplement

Abstract

 

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with many of research papers published annually. However, designing the most suitable sports diet is very difficult. It must be given to the type of training, its duration and intensity, the age and sex of the athlete and also for overall health. The aim of this article is to summarize knowledges about sports nutrition, especially intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and dietary supplements and their influence on the performance and recovery of the athlete.

doi:10.5219/126


 

References

BROAD, E. M., COX, G. R. 2008. What is the optimal composition of an athlete's diet? In Eur. J. Sport Sci., vol. 8, 2008, no. 2, p. 57-65.
doi:10.1080/17461390801919177

 

BROWN, E. C., DISILVESTRO, R. A., BABAKNIA, A., DEVOR, S. T. 2004. Soy versus whey protein bars: Effects on exercise training impact on lean body mass and antioxidant status. In Nutr. J., no. 3, 2004, p. 22-26.
PMid:15588291   

 

BURKE, L. M., SLATER, G., BROAD, E. M., HAULKA, J., MODULON, S., HOPKINS, W. G. 2003. Eating patterns and meal frequency of elite Australian athletes. In Internat. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., no. 13, 2003, p. 01-19.
PMid:14967874

 

ELEY, H. L., RUSSELL, S. T., BAXTER, J. H., MUKERJI, P., TISDALE, M. J. 2007. Signaling pathways initiated by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate to attenuate the depression of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle in response to cachectic stimuli. In Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., vol. 4, 2007, no. 293, p. 923-931.
doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00314.2007
PMid:17609254

 

FUJITA, S., DREYER, H. C., DRUMMOND, M. J., GLYNN, E. L., VOLPI, E., RASMUSSEN, B. B. 2009. Essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise muscle protein synthesis. In J. Appl. Physiol., no. 106, 2009, p. 1730-1739.
doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90395.2008

 

HOLECEK, M., MUTHNY, T., KOVARIK, M., SISPERA, L. 2009. Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on protein metabolism in whole body and in selected tissues. In Food Chem. Toxicol., 2009, no. 47, 2009, p. 255-259.
doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.021
PMID:19056452

 

HULMI, J. J., KOVANEN, V., SELÄNNE, H., KRAEMER, W. J., HÄKKINEN, K., MERO, A. A. 2009. Acute and long-term effects of resistance exercise with or without protein ingestion on muscle hypertrophy and gene expression. In Amino Acids, no. 37, 2009, p. 297-308.
doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0150-6
PMid:18661258

 

HULMI, J. J., LOCKWOOD, CH. M., STOUT, J. R. 2010. Effect of protein/essential amino acids and resistance training on skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A case for whey protein. In Nutr. Metab., vol. 7, 2010, no. 51.
doi:10.1186/1743-7075-7-51
PMid:20565767

 

KERKSICK, CH., HARVEY, T., STOUT, J., CAMPBELL, B., WILBORN, C., KREIDER, R., KALMAN, D., ZIEGENFUSS, T., LOPEZ, H., LANDIS, J., IVY, J. L., ANTONIO J. 2008. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. In J. Internat. Soc. Sports Nutr., 2008,  no. 5, 2008, p. 17-28.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-17
PMid:18834505

 

KREIDER, R. B. 1991. Physiological considerations of ultraendurance performance. In Int. J. Sport Nutr., vol. 1, 1991, no. 1, p. 03-27.
PMid:1844400

 

KREIDER, R. B., EARNEST, C. P., LUNDBERG, J., RASMUSSEN, CH., GREENWOOD, M., COWAN, P., ALMADA, A. L. 2007. Effects of ingesting protein with various forms of carbohydrate following resistance-exercise on substrate availability and markers of anabolism, catabolism, and imunity. In J. Internat. Soc. Sports Nutr., no. 4, 2007, p. 18-28.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-4-18
PMid:17997840

 

KREIDER, R. B., WILBORN, C. D., TAYLOR, L., CAMPBELL, B., ALMADA, A. L., COLLINS, R., COOKE, M., EARNEST, C. P., GREENWOOD, M., KALMAN, D. S., KERKSICK, CH. M., KLEINER, S. M., LEUTHOLTZ, B., LOPEZ, H., LOWERY, L. M., MENDEL, R., SMITH, A., SPANO, M., WILDMAN, R., WILLOUGHBY, D. S., ZIEGENFUSS, T. N., ANTONIO, J. 2010. ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations. In J. Internat. Soc. Sports Nutr., no. 7, 2010, p. 07-49.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-7-7
PMid:20181066

 

LAVALLI GOSTON, J., TOULSON DAVISSON CORREIA, M. I. 2010. Intake of nutritional supplements among people exercising in gyms and influencing factors. In Nutrition, no. 26, 2010, p. 604-611.
doi:10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.021
PMid:20004078

 

LAYMAN, D. K. 2004. Protein quantity and quality at levels above the RDA improves adult weight loss. In J. Am. Coll. Nutr., no. 23, 2004, p. 631-636.
PMid:15640518

 

LAYMAN, D. K., EVANS, E., BAUM, J. I., SEYLER, J., ERICKSON, D. J., BOILEAU, R. A. 2005. Dietary protein and exercise have additive effects on body composition during weight loss in adult women. In J. Nutr., no. 135, 2005, p. 1903-1910.
PMid:16046715

 

LOWERY, L., FORSYTHE, C. E. 2006. Protein and overtraining: potential applications for free-living athletes. In J. Internat. Soc. Sports Nutr., 2006, vol. 3, 2006, no. 1, p. 42-50.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-3-1-42
PMid:18500962

 

MANNINEN, A. H. 2009. Protein hydrolysates in sports nutrition. In Nutr. Metab., no. 6, 2009, p. 38-42.
doi:10.1186/1743-7075-6-38
PMid:19785737

 

MOORE, D. R., ROBINSON, M. J., FRY, J. L., TANG J. E., GLOVER, E. I., WILKINSON, S. B., PRIOR, T., TARNOPOLSKY, M. A., PHILLIPS, S. M. 2009. Ingested protein dose response of muscle and albumin protein synthesis after resistance exercise in young men. In Am. J. Clin. Nutr., no. 89, 2009, p. 161-168.
PMid:19056590

 

MORIFUJI, M., ISHIZAKA, M. I., BABA, S., FUKUDA, K., MATSUMOTO, H., KOGA, J., KANEGAE, M., HIGUCHI, M. 2010. Comparision of different sources and degrees of hydrolysis of dietary protein: Effect on plasma amino acids, dipeptides, and insulin responses in human subjects. In J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 15, 2010, no. 58, p. 8788-8797.
PMid:20614926 

 

NUNES, E. A., KUCZERA, D., BRITO, G. A., BONATTO, S. J., YAMAZAKI, R. K., TANHOFFER, R. A., MUND, R. C., KRYCZYK, M., FERNANDES, L. C. 2008. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation reduces tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation ex vivo and prevents cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats by modifying nuclear factor -kappaB expression. In Nutr. Res., vol. 7, 2008, no. 28, p. 487-493.
doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2008.04.006
PMid:19083450

 

PADDON-JONES, D., WESTMAN, E., MATTES, R. D., WOLFE, R. R., ASTRUP, A., WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA, M. 2008. Protein, weight management, and satiety. In Am. J. Clin. Nutr., no. 87, 2008, p. 1558-1561.
PMid:18469287

 

PETRÓCZI, A., NAUGHTON, D. P., MAZANOV, J., HOLLOWAY, A., BINGHAM, J. 2007. Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between rationale and practice. In J. Internat. Soc. Sports Nutr., no. 4, 2007, p. 19-26.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-4-19
PMid:17997853 

 

PHILLIPS, S. M. 2004. Protein requirements and supplementation in strenght sports. In Nutrition, no. 20, 2004, p. 689-695.
doi:10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.009

 

STOPPANI, J., SCHEETT, T., PENA, J., RUDOLPH, CH., CHARLEBOIS, D. 2009. Consuming a supplement containing branched-chain amino acids during a resistance-training program increases lean mass, muscle strenght and fat loss. In J. Internat. Soc Sports Nutr., vol. 6, 2009, no. 1, p. 01-02.
doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-S1-P1

 

SUNDGOT-BORGEN, J., TORSTVEIT, M. K. 2010. Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high-intensity sports. In Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports., vol. 20, 2010, no. 2, p. 112-121.
PMid:20840569

 

TARNOPOLSKY, M. A. 2008. Building muscle: nutrition to maximize bulk and strenght adaptations to resistance exercise training. In Eur. J. Sport Sci., vol. 8, 2008, no. 2, p. 67-76.

 

TIPTON, K. D. 2008. Protein for adaptations to exercise training. In Eur. J. Sport Sci., vol. 8, 2008, no. 2, p. 107-118.
doi:10.1080/17461390801919102

 

VARGA, Z. 2008. Az omega-3 többszörösen telítetlen zsírsavak az atherosclerosis megelőzésében. In Orv. Hetil., vol. 149, 2008, no. 14, p. 627-637.

 

VIEILLEVOYE, S., POORTMANS, J. R., DUCHATEAU, J., CARPENTIER, A. 2010. Effects of a combined essential amino acids/carbohydrate supplementation on muscle mass, architecture and maximal strenght following heavy-load training. In Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 3, 2010, no. 110, p. 479-488.
doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1520-9
PMid:20521064

 

WILLOUGHBY, D. S., STOUT, J. R., WILBORN, C. D. 2007. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass and strenght. In Amino Acids, no. 32, 2007, p. 467-477.
doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0398-7
PMid:16988909

 

ZANCHI, N. E., GERLINGER-ROMERO, F., GUIMARÃES-FERREIRA, L., DE SIQUEIRA FILHO, M. A., FELITTI, V., SANTOS LIRA, F., SEELAENDER, M., LANCHA Jr,. A. H. 2010. HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action. In Amino Acids, 2010, in press.
doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0678-0
PMid:20607321

Published
2011-03-06
How to Cite
Pramuková, B., Čokášová, D., & Salaj, R. (2011). COMPOSITION OF THE ATHLETES DIET. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 5(2), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.5219/126