Standard therapy for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is androgen-deprivation therapy, usually with docetaxel. A large, multinational, phase 3 trial assessed the addition of the androgen-receptor blocker darolutamide to standard therapy. At 4 years, survival was higher with darolutamide than with placebo (62.7% vs. 50.4%), with no major differences in the frequency of adverse events.

A randomized trial comparing the CD19-specific CAR T-cell therapy tisagenlecleucel with salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with refractory or early relapsed aggressive B-cell lymphoma did not show a longer event-free survival with CAR T cells.

An unprespecified interim analysis of results from a phase 1–2 study of gene therapy for sickle cell disease shows resolution of severe vaso-occlusive events in 25 patients who could be evaluated. In the 24 months before enrollment, these patients had a median of 3.5 severe vaso-occlusive events per year.

In a trial involving patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma, the CAR T-cell therapy axicabtagene ciloleucel led to significantly longer event-free survival than standard salvage chemotherapy (which was followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients with a response). High-grade toxic effects were common, but most patients recovered.

The third most common lymphoma, MZL is usually indolent and often a consequence of chronic antigenic stimulation from a pathogen such as Helicobacter pylori or hepatitis C virus. Some MZLs regress with treatment of the infection. Patients with genetic lesions are treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

A 55-year-old man was evaluated in the rheumatology clinic because of bilateral hearing loss and eye redness. He had had fatigue and intermittent body aches for 2 months and had lost 5 kg of weight over a 6-month period. There was redness in both eyes and grossly reduced hearing in both ears. What is the diagnosis?