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Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.8
nT
Bz: -1.7
nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0140
UT
Coronal Holes: 10 Jan 22
Solar wind flowing from this emerging coronal hole should reach Earth on Jan 17-18. Credit: SDO/AIA
Noctilucent Clouds The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 14th.
Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2022 Jan 10 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
05
% |
05
% |
CLASS X |
01
% |
01
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2022 Jan 10 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
10
% |
10
% |
MINOR |
01
% |
01
% |
SEVERE |
01
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
15
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
20
% |
20
% |
SEVERE |
20
% |
20
% |
|
|
|
 |
|
|
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Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure!
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WEEKEND AURORAS: Over the weekend, Arctic sky watchers witnessed some of the brightest auroras in years. The lights appeared on Jan. 8th when a CIR (co-rotating interaction region) unexpectedly hit Earth's magnetic field. G1-class geomagnetic storms persisted for 6 hours. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.
FARSIDE SOLAR EXPLOSION: Something just exploded on the farside of the sun. Hidden from view, the blast hurled a magnificent CME over the northeastern edge of the solar disk. The bright light at the top of this SOHO coronagraph movie is Venus, which happened to be passing by the sun at the same time:
When the CME appeared, US Air Force antennas detected strong Type II and Type IV radio bursts. These are caused by shock waves inside the CME. Frequency drifts revealed the speed of the storm cloud, approximately 575 km/s or 1.3 million mph.
The source of this blast, probably an unstable sunspot, should turn toward Earth later this week. Stay tuned. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
THE MORNING STAR IS BACK: On Saturday, Jan. 8th, Venus passed by the sun, moving from the evening to the morning sky. Paolo Bardelli woke up early this morning in Sumirago (Varese), Italy, and made a discovery: "Venus is back!"
Bardelli shot the planet in morning twilight using a Canon 70D camera. His zoom lens revealed the shape of Venus--a thin crescent. The planet's night side is turned toward Earth, so only a thin fringe of sunlight is visible filtering through the narrow curve of Venus's upper atmosphere.
The Morning Star will remain this way for weeks to come. Set your alarm for dawn and check it out.
Realtime Venus Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
"I LOVE YOU MORE" MOONSTONE PENDANT: Valentine's Day is coming! Nothing says "I love you" like a moonstone from space. This one hitched a ride on an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon, floating 112,201 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:
You can have it for $142.95. The students are selling these sterling silver infinity-wrapped moonstone pendants to support their ballooning program. Engraved with "I Love You More," it makes a romantic Valentine's gift. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the moonstone in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Jan 10, 2022, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(8 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On January 11, 2022 there were 2249 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
| Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
| 2021 YX |
2022-Jan-05 |
10 LD |
11.9 |
33 |
| 2021 YQ |
2022-Jan-05 |
5.6 LD |
14.7 |
62 |
| 2022 AS2 |
2022-Jan-05 |
3.9 LD |
2.8 |
6 |
| 2022 AB1 |
2022-Jan-06 |
1.6 LD |
6 |
7 |
| 2014 YE15 |
2022-Jan-06 |
19.3 LD |
6.4 |
8 |
| 2022 AY4 |
2022-Jan-06 |
0.8 LD |
17.2 |
4 |
| 2022 AM |
2022-Jan-06 |
1.8 LD |
10.6 |
8 |
| 2022 AR2 |
2022-Jan-07 |
1.7 LD |
11.6 |
11 |
| 2020 AP1 |
2022-Jan-07 |
4.6 LD |
5.7 |
4 |
| 2022 AN |
2022-Jan-09 |
4.8 LD |
6.1 |
15 |
| 2022 AE2 |
2022-Jan-09 |
4.6 LD |
8.1 |
24 |
| 2017 AM13 |
2022-Jan-10 |
17.7 LD |
16.7 |
36 |
| 2022 AZ |
2022-Jan-10 |
8.4 LD |
14.3 |
60 |
| 2022 AC4 |
2022-Jan-11 |
0.2 LD |
8.4 |
6 |
| 2022 AD4 |
2022-Jan-11 |
2.9 LD |
5.7 |
12 |
| 2022 AT |
2022-Jan-11 |
19.9 LD |
10 |
31 |
| 2022 AB4 |
2022-Jan-11 |
1.1 LD |
9.9 |
15 |
| 2013 YD48 |
2022-Jan-11 |
14.6 LD |
14.8 |
107 |
| 2022 AF1 |
2022-Jan-12 |
11.6 LD |
11.9 |
43 |
| 2022 AA2 |
2022-Jan-12 |
6.6 LD |
7.3 |
20 |
| 2022 AQ2 |
2022-Jan-13 |
14.2 LD |
4.2 |
21 |
| 2022 AG2 |
2022-Jan-13 |
3.2 LD |
9.2 |
12 |
| 2022 AS3 |
2022-Jan-13 |
12.3 LD |
4.9 |
23 |
| 2022 AA4 |
2022-Jan-14 |
3.6 LD |
4 |
10 |
| 2022 AG |
2022-Jan-14 |
8.3 LD |
3.8 |
33 |
| 2022 AT2 |
2022-Jan-15 |
1.9 LD |
6.4 |
14 |
| 2022 AV3 |
2022-Jan-15 |
12.6 LD |
10.8 |
28 |
| 2021 BA |
2022-Jan-18 |
9.8 LD |
9.1 |
22 |
| 2022 AW |
2022-Jan-18 |
9.4 LD |
10.1 |
49 |
| 7482 |
2022-Jan-18 |
5.2 LD |
19.6 |
1732 |
| 2022 AB |
2022-Jan-20 |
9.7 LD |
5.6 |
72 |
| 2022 AX4 |
2022-Jan-21 |
7.9 LD |
6.9 |
22 |
| 2018 PN22 |
2022-Jan-21 |
11.4 LD |
2.7 |
11 |
| 2017 XC62 |
2022-Jan-24 |
18.7 LD |
4.3 |
112 |
| 2021 BZ |
2022-Jan-27 |
17.6 LD |
14.6 |
39 |
| 2022 AA |
2022-Feb-04 |
6.6 LD |
4.3 |
42 |
| 2018 CA1 |
2022-Feb-05 |
9.8 LD |
15.1 |
32 |
| 2022 AV4 |
2022-Feb-07 |
19.2 LD |
3.4 |
22 |
| 2007 UY1 |
2022-Feb-08 |
13.9 LD |
6.6 |
89 |
| 2020 DF |
2022-Feb-14 |
12 LD |
8.6 |
20 |
| 2018 CW2 |
2022-Feb-18 |
2.2 LD |
10.8 |
25 |
| 2020 CX1 |
2022-Feb-18 |
7.2 LD |
8.2 |
54 |
| 455176 |
2022-Feb-22 |
14 LD |
25.1 |
257 |
| 2017 CX1 |
2022-Feb-23 |
15.2 LD |
5 |
8 |
| 2016 QJ44 |
2022-Feb-24 |
19.6 LD |
8.5 |
324 |
| 2021 QO2 |
2022-Feb-25 |
20 LD |
11 |
65 |
| 2020 UO4 |
2022-Feb-28 |
18.5 LD |
2.1 |
7 |
| 138971 |
2022-Mar-04 |
12.8 LD |
12 |
749 |
| 2021 UL7 |
2022-Mar-04 |
11.5 LD |
2 |
23 |
| 2020 DC |
2022-Mar-06 |
3.9 LD |
4.9 |
16 |
| 2021 EY1 |
2022-Mar-10 |
10.1 LD |
15.5 |
16 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on
the date of closest approach.
| |
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:
This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.
We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| |
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| |
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| |
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| |
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
| |
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| |
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| |
from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| |
from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
the
underlying science of space weather |
 |
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