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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica All.

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Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; Department of Farmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Nankiera 1, 50-140 Wrocław, Poland; Dipartimento di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, via Porcel 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroforestali ed Ambientali, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Piazza S. Francesco di Sales 7, 89061 Gallina, Italy
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 26, 10148–10153
Publication Date (Web):November 24, 2005
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0518913
Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society
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Abstract

The chemical composition of the essential oil from flowering tops of Achillea ligustica All. was studied. Samples were collected in different localities of Sardinia (Italy) and hydrodistilled both with Clevenger-type and with simultaneous distillation−extraction apparatus. The yields ranged between 0.88 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.02% (vol/dry wt). The essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS, and a total of 96 components were detected. From a qualitative point of view, irrelevant differences between samples were observed. Strong chemical variability depending on the origin of the samples was observed. The major compounds found were santolina alcohol (6.7−21.8%, for the first time detected in A. ligustica), borneol (3.4−20.8%), sabinol (2.1−15.5%), trans-sabinyl acetate (0.9−17.6%), α-thujone (0.4−25.8%), and, among sesquiterpenes, viridiflorol (0.7−3.6%). No significant differences were detected between essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation and simultaneous distillation−extraction with CH2Cl2 and n-hexane. Antioxidant activity as DPPH radical scavenging activity was expressed in TEAC and ranged between 0.40 and 0.88 mmol/L. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities were investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Penicillium commune, Fusarium oxysporum, Rizoctonia solani, and Aspergillus flavus, showing low activity.

Keywords: Achillea ligustica All.; essential oil; GC-MS analysis; DPPH radical scavenging activity; antimicrobial and antifungal activities

*

 Corresponding author (telephone +39-070-6758644; fax +39-070-6758612; e-mail [email protected]).

†

 Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Università di Cagliari.

‡

 Wrocław Medical University.

§

 Dipartimento di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Universita di Cagliari.

#

 Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria.

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