Today’s video Doodle celebrates one of history’s most influential scientific minds, English cosmologist, author, and theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. From colliding black holes to the Big Bang, his theories on the origins and mechanics of the universe revolutionized modern physics while his best-selling books made the field widely accessible to millions of readers worldwide.

Stephen William Hawking was born on this day in 1942 in Oxford, England. Fascinated by how the universe functioned from a young age, his curiosity and intellect earned him the nickname “Einstein.” Following a diagnosis with a neurodegenerative disease at 21, the music of composer Richard Wagner and the loving support of his future wife Jane Wilde motivated Hawking to dedicate himself to physics, math, and cosmology.

In 1965, Hawking defended his doctoral thesis at the University of Cambridge, “Properties of Expanding Universes,” which presented the revolutionary theory that space and time originated from a singularity, a point both infinitely small and dense, best known today as the key characteristic of black holes. That year, Hawking was accepted as a research fellow at Cambridge’s Gonville and Caius College—his academic home for a lifetime of research. Hawking’s obsession with black holes led to his 1974 discovery that particles could escape black holes. This theory, coined Hawking radiation, is widely considered his most important contribution to physics.

In 1979, Hawking’s groundbreaking work on black holes prompted Cambridge to appoint him as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, a position held by Isaac Newton in 1669. Hawking’s doctoral thesis was released to the public in 2017 on a University of Cambridge website, which crashed due to enormous amounts of traffic.

Here’s to an innovator whose astronomical impact changed how the world understands the universe!

Special thanks to the family of Stephen Hawking for their partnership on this project. Below, his daughter Lucy and sons, Robert and Tim Hawking reflect on their father’s life, legacy, and today’s Doodle:

We are delighted that Google has chosen to celebrate our father's 80th birthday with this fabulous Doodle. We think he would have loved the Doodle and been very entertained to see his long, distinguished life expressed so creatively in this briefest history of all, a two-minute animation!

We also believe he would have found it important to show that he never allowed the challenges of his physical condition to limit his power of expression nor his determination to make an impact on the world in which he lived. We hope that his example offers inspiration and hope globally to all who face great challenges at this difficult time. Our father would have been 80 years old today and we thank everyone who has joined in the celebration of his extraordinary life and the legacy he gave to us all.

Note: In the Doodle, the voice of Stephen Hawking was generated and used with the approval of the Hawking estate.

Stephen Hawking at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge
Photo courtesy of the Hawking family

Stephen Hawking with his children, Robert and baby Lucy
Photo courtesy of the Hawking family

Google Arts & Culture is celebrating Stephen Hawking with a new exhibition
Meet the man who changed our understanding of the Universe!

Doodler Q&A with Matthew Cruickshank

Today’s Doodle was illustrated by Doodler Matthew Cruickshank. Below, he shares his thoughts behind the making of this Doodle:

Q. Why was this topic meaningful to you personally?

A. The chance to celebrate the birthday of Stephen Hawking comes at a time when the value and importance of our planet grows every day. We are a tiny miracle in the great scheme of things.

Q. What were your first thoughts when you were approached about working on this Doodle?

A. I thought Stephen's extraordinary quotes on life and the universe would make a wonderful short animated film. Not only is animation visual, its fundamentals are built on time and space, subjects that align perfectly with cosmology.

Q. Did you draw inspiration from anything in particular for this Doodle?

A. The evolution of computer graphics during Stephen's lifetime drove the visual approach greatly. From there, I introduced very basic 3D graphics where necessary. I have a nostalgia for the simple ZX Spectrum games I grew up with!

Q. What message do you hope people take away from your Doodle?

A. To approach life with the energy, humor, and optimism that Stephen did every day.

Early concepts for the Doodle

Art Lead & Direction | Matthew Cruickshank

Partnerships & Business Affairs Lead | Madeline Belliveau

Program Manager | Lindsay Elgin

Marketing | Zoё Brutton-Chambers, Sierra Menzies, Perla Campos

Doodle Team Leads | Jessica Yu, Brian Kaas

Music & Sound | Todd Baker